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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1555
Root: preus-
English meaning: to fry; to burn
German meaning: `frieren' und `brennen'
Material: A. Ai. pruṣvā́ f. `Tropfen, Reif, gefrorenes Wasser'; lat. pruīna `Reif, Frost' (*prusu̯īnā); got. frius `Frost, Kälte', aisl. frør, frer n. `Frostwetter', aisl. frjōsa, ags. frēosan, ahd. friosan `frieren', ahd. frōren `gefrieren machen', ahd. as. frost (*frus-taz); ags. forst m. aisl. frost n. `Frost'; B. Ai. plṓṣati `versengt, brennt', pluṣṭa- `versengt, verbrannt'; alb. prūsh `brennende Kohlen, Glut'; lat. prūna `glühende Kohlen' (*prusnā), prūrīre `jucken'.
References: WP. II 88, WH. II 378 f.
Pages: 846
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *preus-
Meaning: frost, to freeze
Old Indian: pruṣva- m. `rainy season', pruṣvā́, prúṣvā f. `drop of water, rime, ice'
Latin: pruīna f. `Reif, Frost'
Russ. meaning: мороз; морозить
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *fríusa-n, *fríusan- vb., *frusta-z, -n, *frustō, *fruzá-n
Meaning: frost, freeze
Gothic: frius n. (a?) `frost'
Old Norse: frör, frer n. `Frost'; frjōsa st. `frieren, gefrieren', frost n. `Frost'
Norwegian: frjosa; frost
Swedish: früsa; frost
Danish: früsa; frost
Old English: frēosan (frēas, fruron; froren) `to freeze', forst, -es m. `frost'; { frost }
English: freeze; frost
Old Frisian: forst
Old Saxon: frost
Middle Dutch: vriesen; vorst m., f.
Dutch: vriezen; vorst m.
Middle Low German: vrēsen; vorst, vrost
Old High German: friosan (8.Jh.); frost `Frost' (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: vriesen, vrieren st. 'frieren intr., unpers.'; vrost st. m. 'kälte, frost'
German: frieren; Frost m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *sUŋV
Meaning: a k. of onion
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: {*sokŋV}
Meaning: a k. of onion
Russian meaning: вид лука
Comments: KW 331, Дыбо 10. Despite Щербак 1997, 166, hardly a borrowing in Mong. < Turk. Hypotheses about the Chinese origin of the word (KW 331, Дмитриева 166-167) are hardly grounded: one has to suppose Chin. > Mong., with a secondary addition of the Mong. plant suffix -gina, with a subsequent borrowing Mong. > Turkic (which is hardly plausible because of old attestation within Turkic); the Manchu parallel also speaks against borrowing from Chinese. See also notes on *sugú 'weed' (there may have been some confusion of these two roots in Kor.-Jpn. and in Turkic). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *sogan
Meaning: onion
Russian meaning: лук
Old Turkic: soɣun (OUygh.)
Turkish: soɣan
Tatar: suɣan
Uighur: soɣan
Sary-Yughur: soxan
Azerbaidzhan: soɣan
Turkmen: soɣan
Halaj: soɣan
Chuvash: soɣan
Kirghiz: soɣan, soɣon
Noghai: soɣan
Bashkir: huɣan
Balkar: soxan
Gagauz: suvan, suan
Salar: soɣan, soɣän
Kumyk: soɣan
Comments: EDT 812, VEWT 425, Лексика 141, 465, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 2, 69-70. Forms like Oyr. soɣono, sōno, Tuva soɣuna may be < Mong. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *soŋgina
Meaning: onion
Russian meaning: лук
Written Mongolian: soŋgina (L 727) Middle Mongolian: so'oŋgina (HY 8), sunqină (MA) Khalkha: songin
Buriat: hongino
Kalmuck: soŋginǝ
Ordos: soŋginoG
Dongxian: sunguna
Monguor: suŋGunoG
Comments: KW 331. Mong. > Man. soŋgina (see Rozycki 191). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *seŋKule
Meaning: garlic
Russian meaning: чеснок
Spoken Manchu: semǝkǝlǝ 'scallion' (318)
Literary Manchu: seŋgule, seŋkule, semkele
Comments: ТМС 2, 143. Attested only in Manchu, but having probable external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *sòŋ'ì
Meaning: 1 lotus seed 2 bud, bunch
Russian meaning: 1 семя лотоса 2 почка, гроздь
Modern Korean: soŋi, soŋari 2
Middle Korean: sòŋ'ì 1
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 927
Proto: *suŋ(V-)lV, *šuŋ(V-)lV
English meaning: a k. of lily or onion
German meaning: eine Art Lilie (bzw. Zwiebel der Lilie); Lilium martagon
Khanty (Ostyak): ḷoɣǝḷ (V), joɣǝḷ (Vj., VK) 'Rübe; Lauch, Waldlauch; Art von Wurzelfrüchten'
Mansi (Vogul): taŋkǝl (TJ TČ) 'саранка; Lilium martagon'
Selkup: togi̮l (Ta.) 'саран; (sibirische) Lilie'
Kamass: tuɣul 'Lilienzwiebel (von Lilium martagon)'
References: Problem einen kam-OU Parallels
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-lit,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVNV
Meaning : onion, odorous grass
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śHVŋwV
Meaning: onion, odorous grass
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *śVɦVjmV
Meaning: a k. of odorous grass
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular, although it is somewhat difficult to reconstruct vocalism (because of the root's trisyllabic nature and the medial laryngeal). The cluster *-jm- is reconstructed to account for the development *s- > *sṭ- in PN and for the development *-Vjm > *-Ṽ in PC. Cf. also HU: Hurr. šim-ri 'fennel' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 23).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *sṭim ( ~ -ī-)
Meaning: 1 wormwood, absinth 2 hellebore
Chechen: stim-urχa 2
Batsbi: sṭim 1
Comments: Forms are quoted from Алироев 1975, 159, 161. The component -urχa in Chech. is unclear.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *sVHVmV
Meaning: mint
Avar: saʕán
Chadakolob: šam
Comments: Av. paradigm B~C (gen. saʕní-l; Chad. gen. šimí-l, but also šámi-l). Av. dial. > Bezht., Gunz. sam 'mint'. It is also highly probable that Lak. san (samu-l) 'ramson' is also a borrowing from the same root in some Av. dialect.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *miša-χu ( ~ -ɨ-)
Meaning: mint
Tsezi: mešaħu
Ginukh: mečaħu
Comments: PTsKh *mišaχ̥1̇u (-č- in Gin. is irregular, probably under influence of *mič(a) 'nettle' q.v.).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *š:aIm-
Meaning: mint
Akusha: šumeri
Chiragh: š:aImul
Comments: The root is provided with frequent suffixes (-ri and -l).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chōŋ
Meaning: onion
Tibetan: bcoŋ onion.
Comments: Simon 16; Peiros-Starostin 213; Coblin 114.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 蔥
Modern (Beijing) reading: cōng
Preclassic Old Chinese: shōŋ
Classic Old Chinese: shōŋ
Western Han Chinese: shōŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: shōŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: shōŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: shōŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: shwōŋ
Middle Chinese: chuŋ
English meaning : Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum); of onion color, onion-green
Russian meaning[s]: 1) лук; луковичные огородные растения; 2) зеленый
Radical: 140
Four-angle index: 8450
Karlgren code: 1199 g-h
Go-on: su
Kan-on: sou
Japanese reading: sō;negi;aoi
Jianchuan Bai: chü̃4
Dali Bai: chi4
Bijiang Bai: cho4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2058
Character: 蔥
MC description : 通合一平東清
ZIHUI: 5523 2651
Beijing: chuŋ 11
Jinan: chuŋ 11
Xi'an: choŋ 11
Taiyuan: chuŋ 1
Hankou: choŋ 12
Chengdu: choŋ 11
Yangzhou: chɔuŋ 11
Suzhou: choŋ 11
Wenzhou: choŋ 11
Changsha: choŋ 11
Shuangfeng: chaŋ 11; chǝn XH
Nanchang: chuŋ 11
Meixian: chuŋ 11
Guangzhou: chuŋ 11
Xiamen: chɔŋ 11
Chaozhou: choŋ 11
Fuzhou: chuŋ 11
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,
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